儿童药物中毒的回顾性分析(一)

详细内容

【摘要】 目的：分析儿童药物中毒的常见原因、症状、治疗及防范措施。方法：对我院2000年1月～2007年9月接诊的118例小儿药物中毒病例进行回顾性分析。结果：儿童药物中毒的常见原因为：（1）儿童误服中毒54例（45.8%）；（2）家长无知给予服用45例（21.2% ）；（3）医源性中毒20例（17.0% ）。结论：儿童药物中毒的危险因素以儿童误服、家长喂服和医源性为主，应加强对患儿家长健康教育，普及安全用药常识，加强对家庭药物的管理，同时医务人员应规范行医。

【关键词】 儿童 药物中毒 原因

〔Abstract〕 Objective：The purpose of our study was to explore the causes, symptom, therapy and preventing of aidental drug poisonings in childhood. Methods:This retrospective study was performed on 118 cases of drug poisoning in children who were treated in our hospital from Jan 2000 to Sep 2007.Results:The main causes of medicines poisoning were: (1) 54 cases (45.8%) were that children took drug by himself; (2) 45 cases (21.2%) were that children were given drug by their parents; (3) 20 cases (17.0%) were iatrogenic drug poisoning.Conclusions:The main causes of drug poisoning in children are result of insecure storage of drugs, the drug given by their parents and iatrogenic drug poisoning. It is remended that knowledge about proper storage and usage of drug should be promoted among the children and their parents and the regulations in practice be strictly enforced.

〔Key words〕 Children;Drug poisoning;Causes

药物中毒是目前儿童急性中毒的常见原因之一，我院2000年1月至2007年9月共救治儿童急性药物中毒118例，现报告如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 临床资料

2000年1月至2007年9月我院急诊及儿科共救治儿童急性药物中毒118例，其中男66例，女52例；年龄1月～14岁，其中1月～1岁10例，～3岁52例，～6岁38例，～14岁18例。就诊时间为用药后5 min～6 h 94例，～19 h 24例。

1.2 方法

按中毒药物种类、用药途径、原因、临床表现、治疗转归进行分类分析。

2 结果

2.1 儿童药物中毒的主要症状及相关药物

结果见表1。

2.2 中毒药物种类

止吐止泻药47例，其中复方地芬诺酯32例，甲氧氯普胺10例；抗过敏药20例，其中异丙嗪11例；解热止痛药15例；镇静催眠药10例，其中地西泮8例；止咳平喘药9例；解痉药6例；抗生素5例；维生素A4例；避孕药1例；降压药1例。