瘢痕子宫中孕引产方法探讨(一)
详细内容
【摘要】 目的 探讨适用于瘢痕子宫患者安全有效的中孕引产方法。方法 瘢痕子宫中孕引产患者65例分三组:第一组20例,依沙吖啶羊膜腔注射引产;第二组22例,米非司酮联合米索前列醇引产;第三组23例,米非司酮联合依沙吖啶引产。比较三种方法的临床效果和不良反应。结果 第二组与第一组相比:排胎时间短,引产成功率高,胎盘胎膜残留率低,无宫颈裂伤,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。第三组与第一组相比:宫缩发动时间提前,排胎时间短,引产成功率高,胎盘胎膜残留率低,无宫颈裂伤,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与第二组相比:宫缩发动时间提前(P0.05),余项相比无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 第二、三种引产方法优于第一种,此两种方法用于瘢痕子宫中孕引产安全有效,值得临床推广应用。第三种方法更优于第二种。
【关键词】 瘢痕子宫;中孕引产;依沙吖啶;米非司酮;米索前列醇
〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the safe effective methods for induced abortion of midtrimester pregnancy patients with a history of cesarean section.Methods 65 cases were divided into three groups at random.Group 1∶20 cases,Ethacridine was used for the induced abortion by intra-amniotic instillation. Group 2∶22 cases,Mifepristone and Misoprostol were used for the induced abortion .Group 3∶23 cases,Mifepristone was used for initiating midtrimester abortion with Ethacridine intra-amniotic instillation.The clinical efficiency and side effects of three groups were pared. Results Group 2 pared with group 1:time of the induced abortion was shortened,suess rate of the induced abortion was high,inplete abortion rate was low,no cervical rupture. The difference had statistic significance(P0.05).Group 3 pared with group 1:time of the initiation of the uterus contractions and time of the induced abortion were shortened,suess rate of the induced abortion was high,inplete abortion rate was low,no cervical rupture. The difference had statistic significance(P0.05).Group 3 pared with group 2:time of the initiation of the uterus contractions was shortened(P0.05),there was no statistic significance in else(P>0.05). Conclusion The second and third methods are better than the first,these two methods are safe and effective for the scar uterus with induced abortion.They are worth applying clinically. The third method is still better than the second.
〔Key words〕 scar uterus; induced abortion of midtrimester pregnancy; Ethacridine; Mifepristone; Misoprostol
目前剖宫产率逐渐上升,术后再次妊娠的中期引产率也相应增加,采用有效、安全的方法终止合并瘢痕子宫的中期妊娠,避免子宫破裂、排胎大出血等并发症的发生,是我们医护人员所面临的重大课题。近年来我们对瘢痕子宫中孕引产者65例,采用三种不同方法引产,并加以比较,总结经验,现报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 2004年1月~2007年6月自愿到深圳北大医院和深圳宝安石岩医院要求终止妊娠的瘢痕子宫患者65例,均为第一次子宫下段剖宫产术,术后至本次妊娠,时间最短为1年,最长为6年,孕周16~27周,患者年龄18~37岁,平均29岁。所有孕妇均无依沙吖啶、米非司酮和米索前列醇禁忌证。
1.2 方法 引产前详细询问病史,均无不良手术史,全面体检,查血、尿、便常规,肝肾功能,凝血六项,心电图,B超了解胎儿和胎盘等情况。65例患者随机分为三组:第一组20例,入院当日行依沙吖啶100 mg羊膜腔注射引产。第二组22例,入院当日空腹口服米非司酮75 mg,第二天晨再空腹口服米非司酮75 mg,第三天,孕周小于20周者阴道放米索前列醇600 μg,孕周大于20周者每2 h(根据宫缩情况)阴道放米索前列醇200 μg,共600 μg。第三组23例,入院当日行依沙吖啶100 mg羊膜腔注射,并空腹口服米非司酮75 mg,第二天晨再空腹口服米非司酮75 mg。用药后严密观察宫缩发动和胎儿胎盘排出情况及用药不良反应,排胎后用弯盘和可称重血垫收集阴道出血量,有胎盘胎膜残留者需行清宫术。
1.3 观察指标 (1)宫缩发动时间:为第一次用药至宫缩出现的时间。(2)排胎时间:为宫缩发动至胎盘娩出时间。(3)引产成功率(第一次用药后72 h未排胎为引产失败)。(4)阴道出血量:胎儿排出后24 h内阴道的出血量。(5)胎盘胎膜残留率。(6)引产并发症:瘢痕子宫破裂,宫颈裂伤。(7)用药不良反应:恶心,呕吐,发热,宫缩过强等。
1.4 统计学处理 采用SPSS 10.0统计软件进行。率的比较用χ2检验,均数的比较用t检验。
2 结果
2.1 引产效果 第三组用药后宫缩发动时间与一、二组比较明显缩短,第一组排胎时间明显比二、三组延长且胎盘胎膜残留率高。一、二组均有1例引产失败,第三组全部成功,但无统计学意义。阴道出血量各组间比较无统计学意义。见表1。表1 三种方法引产效果比较(略)注:与其他两组比较,*P0.05;各项指标其他各组间比较,P>0.05