被动语态复习

详细内容

pleted?
这座大楼什么时候建成的？
一般将来时：will (shall) + be +过去分词
be going to + be + 过去分词
e.g. The result of the exam will be known soon.
They are going to be given a difficult test.
一般过去将来时：should(would) be+过去分词
e.g. The teacher said the results would be published soon.
He told me that the film would be shown the next week.
现在进行时：am/is/are + being +过去分词
e.g. The new airport is being built by a foreign pany.
一家外国公司正在承建这座新机场。
The song is being sung by the girls now.
过去进行时：was/were being+过去分词
e.g. The song was being sung by the girls when I got there.
The student was being criticized when I went into the
teacher’s office.
将来完成时：will have been+过去分词
e.g. By the end of next term 2000 English words will
have been learned.
The building will have been built by next year.
现在完成时：has/have + bee n +过去分词
e.g. All the tickets have been sold .
The book has been translated into many languages.
这本书已被译成多种语言。
过去完成时：had been+过去分词
e.g. Forty schools had been visited by last year.
All the tickets had been sold out when I got to the cinema.
过去将来完成时：would have been+过去分词
e.g. He said many words would have been learned by 2001.
They promised that ten books would have been published
by the next month.
情态动词：情态动词 + be + 过去分词
e.g. This road must be mended.
The machine parts may be needed in our work.
工作中可能需要这些机器零部件。
动词不定式：to be + 过去分词
e.g. I’m glad to be asked questions.
It is impossible for lost time to be made up.
失去的时间不可弥补。
主要用法
被动态常用于下列几种场合：
1．当不知道或不必提出动作的执行者时（这时都不带由by引起的短语）；
Printing was introduced into Europe from China.
印刷术是从中国引入欧洲的。
The airplane was made in U.S.
Such books are written for children. 这种书是为儿童写的。
2. 动作的承受者是谈话的中心（这时可带有由by引起的短语）；
The song was posed by a student.
这首歌曲是一个学生谱写的。
Thousands of rivers are polluted in the country.
3. 出于礼貌措词等原因而不愿说出动作执行者是谁。
You are requested to get here in time.
请您准时来这儿。
带行为主体的被动态
行为主体就是动作的执行者，即执行动词所表达的动作的人或物。在被动句中，往往不提及行为主体；但当强调动作的执行者时，可用介词by引出行为( by +主体行为主体),置于被动态句的末尾，说明是什么人或物应对有关事件负责。
e.g. The village was destroyed by a bomb.
这个村庄毁于炸弹。
The painting is very valuable. It was painted by Van Gogh.
这幅画很值钱，它是梵•高画的。
其它用法补充
1.“It + 被动语态+ that 从句”。表示谨慎或不太肯定的语气。常用于该结构的动词有：say, think, believe, agree, expect, consider, feel, know, decide, report, suggest, prove 等。
e.g. It is said that prices will rise again this month.
据说本月物价还将上涨。
It is thought that about a million dogs are born each year.
据认为每年约有一百条狗出生。
It is reported that all the passengers died in the crash.
据报导所有乘客在那次飞机坠毁中遇难。
It is agreed that we will have two weeks holiday this year.
2. 用于通告标题广告等的被动态往往省去助动词be。
e.g. No Chinese spoken here.
Shoes repaired.
Famous Painting Stolen. 名画被盗。