2012届高考英语Unit2Robots复习专项教案
详细内容
pany；aompanist 8.affair 9.declare；declaration 10.envy；envious 11.staff；staffer 12.junior 13.talent；talented 14.divorce；divorcee 15.obey；disobey；obedience; obedient
短语回顾
1．out 2.around 3.seriously 4.set 5.bound 6.up
7．alone 8.from 9.fall 10.for
句型背诵
1．with 2.there 3.published 4.have women falling
5．Leave me alone
考 点 串 串 讲
重点单词
1.satisfaction n．满意，满足，实现
She laughed her satisfaction.
她以笑表示满意。
He plains that his job gives him no satisfaction.
他抱怨他的工作不能使他满意。
His election was a great satisfaction to all concerned.
他的当选于所有有关人士都觉得很满意。
●用法拓展
to one's satisfaction令某人满意的是
with satisfaction满意地
satisfy v．满意；使满足
We will try our best to satisfy you.
我们将尽力使您满意。
satisfied adj.感到满意的
be satisfied with对某人或某事感到满意
We are all satisfied with the final result.
我们都对最终的结果感到满意。
即境活用
单项填空
①I am________with the result of the examination；this is a________result to everyone.
A．satisfactory；satisfied
B．satisfied；satisfactory
C．satisfaction；satisfy
D．satisfying；satisfactory
②________，he won honour for his country at last.
A．To my much satisfaction
B．To my great satisfy
C．Much to my satisfaction
D．Great to my satisfy
答案：①B ②C
2．declare vt.宣布，宣告；声明；断言，宣称；vi.申报
He declared that the meeting has been postponed.
他宣布会议已延期了。
He declared(that)he was right.
他力陈他是对的。
He should declare at customs.
他应该报关。
●用法拓展
declare against声明反对
declare for宣布支持……
declare goods报货清单
declare war against向(某国)宣战
●易混辨析
declare与announce
declare指公开场合表明对某事物的态度或指官方或权威者公开郑重地宣布某事。
announce指公布公众感兴趣的事情，内容有知识性或权威性，如商品、生产、喜讯等消息。
即境活用
单项填空
①We________the arrival of flight AB987 from Tangiers.
A．announce B．declare
C．announced D．declared
②I________the meeting________.
A．declare；close
B．declare；closed
C．announce；close
D．announce；closed
答案：①A ②B
3．desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求 vt.想要；希望得到
We all desire health and happiness.
我们都渴望健康和幸福。
She is my heart's desire.
她是我心中渴望得到的人。
It's impossible to satisfy all their desires.
使他们所有的欲望都得到满足是不可能的。
●用法拓展
desire vt.渴望，希望，想要，后接名词、不定式或从句
desire sth.渴望，想要某物
desire to do sth.希望做
desire sb. to do sth.希望某人做
desire that期望……
desirable adj.值得要的，令人满意的，称心的
He has no desire for wealth.
他对财富无欲望。
My parents desire me to enter a key university.
我父母要我上一所重点大学。
They all desired that the matter(should)be discussed further.
他们一致希望进一步商讨此事。
It's desirable for you to be present.＝It's desirable that you(should)be present.
希望你能出席。
●易混辨析
desire和long
①desire指愿望，希望，是一个正式的用语。着重指怀着某种急切的心情，盼望达成某一目的或得到某种东西。一般来说，这种愿望可以实现。有时还表示较为温和的命令，因其本身是及物动词，可直接带宾语。
②long意为渴望、极想，侧重表示很难或不可能得到的东西，常构成long to do sth.(极想做某事)或long for sth.(渴望某物)。
●温馨提示
当desire作动词后接宾语从句，以及desire作名词后接同位语从句或表语从句时，that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气should＋动词原形，且should可省略。
It is desired that this rule(should)be brought to the attention of all the members.
要求这一规定必须引起所有成员的注意。
即境活用
单项填空
The people trapped in the ruins desire that rescue teams________here without delay.
A．be sent B．is sent
C．has been sent D．was sent
答案：A
4．alarm n．警报；惊恐 vt.使警觉；惊动；使忧虑；使担心
●用法拓展
be alarmed at/for...被……吓一跳
give/raise/sound the alarm发出警报
a fire/burglar/security alarm火警装置/防盗警报器/安全警报装置
即境活用
单项填空
①All of us were________to hear that Lily，our pany's most valued clerk，should say she would leave the pany.
A．alarming B．alarmed
C．terrified D．satisfied
②The doorkeeper gave the________as soon as he saw the smoke.
A．warn B．shout
C．alarm D．button
答案：①B v．ed形式的形容词表示“感到……的”；v.ing形式的形容词表示“令人感到……的”。A.“令人担忧的”；B.“惊恐的，忧虑的”；C.“感到恐惧的”；D.“满意的”。由句意知B项正确。
②C give the alarm“发出警报”。句意为：守门人一看见冒烟就发出了警报。
5．favour n．喜爱；恩惠，帮忙；优惠 vt.喜爱；偏袒
(1)ask a favour of sb.求人帮一个忙，求人做某事
do a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙，给某人做件事
(2)be in (out of) favour (with)受宠(失宠)，得到(不受)偏爱
in favour of赞成，主张
in one's favour对某人有利
①May I ask a favour of you?
请您帮个忙行吗？
②Was he in favour of the death penalty?
他赞成死刑吗？
③Do me a favour and turn the radio down while I'm on the phone, will you?
劳驾，我在打电话时把收音机的声音调低点好吗？
即境活用
单项填空
Most of them were ________ my opinion while David was against it.
A．in honour of B．in favour of
C．in search of D．in memory of
答案：B
6．sympathy n．同情，同情心；赞同，支持
●用法拓展
(1)have/feel sympathy for sb.对某人有同情心
(2)play on one's sympathy利用某人的同情心
(3)send/offer one's sympathy to sb.向某人表示慰问
(4)in sympathy with支持，赞同
(5)have sympathy with同意，支持
(6)win sympathy of...博得……的同情
(7)out of sympathy出于同情，不赞同
①I've a lot of sympathy for her; she brought up the children on her own.
我非常同情她，她是独立把孩子们抚养成人的。
②She wrote a letter offering her sympathy.
她写了一封信去表示慰问。
即境活用
单项填空
People all over the world sent ________ to those who lost their homes in the earthquake.
A．attention B．sympathy
C．relief D．expense
答案：C
7．envy n. & v．忌妒；羡慕
●用法拓展
(1)envy sb. (doing) sth.忌妒某人(做)某事
(2)be the envy of sb.是令某人羡慕(忌妒)的人/事物
(3)be great with envy十分忌妒；非常羡慕
(4)out of envy出于忌妒
(5)with envy羡慕地；忌妒地
(6)be envious of羡慕
①He stared with envy at Robert's new car.
他羡慕地盯着罗伯特的新汽车。
②I envy your ability to work so fast.
你能干得这么快，真让我羡慕。
●易混辨析
envious与jealous
(1)envious表示希望拥有他人所有的物品或品质。意为“羡慕的，妒忌的”，不一定带有不满情绪。
(2)jealous表示当无法拥有他人拥有的某种东西时而感到生气和不快。还指(男女间的)“吃醋”。名词形式为jealousy。
Hank was envious of his neighbour's fancy new lawn mower.
汉克羡慕邻居高档别致的新割草机。
She is just using him to make her old boyfriend jealous.
她只不过是在利用他来使她从前的男友吃醋。
即境活用
单项填空
①I'm in ________ at your making progress ideologically.
A．jealous B．envy
C．envious D．jealousy
翻译句子
②所有邻居都羡慕我们的花园。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：①B
②Our garden is the envy of all the neighbours.
8．affair n．事情，事件，(pl.)事务；暧昧关系
●用法拓展
(1)have an affair with sb.与某人私通；与某人有暧昧关系
(2)be sb.'s affair是某人自己的事
(3)an expert on foreign affairs外事专家
(4)world/international/business affairs世界/国际/商业事务
(5)the milk powder gate affair奶粉门事件
①The minister is busy with important affairs of state.
部长忙于重要国务。
②I am not prepared to discuss my financial affairs.
我不打算讨论我个人的财务问题。
③She's having an affair with her husband's best friend.
她和她丈夫最要好的一个朋友有暧昧关系。
●易混辨析
affair, matter, business与event
(1)affair既指一般事情，也指重大事情(这时常用复数)。
(2)event多指重大事件。
(3)business为不可数名词，常表示“生意；商业事务”。作“事情”讲时，常指有责任、有必要去做的事，往往强调的是任务、职务等指派性的工作。
(4)matter常指需要考虑和处理的事情、问题或麻烦事，不强调行动。单数指“事情，问题”，常与the连用；复数指“情况，事态”。
That's my affair, not yours.
那是我的事，不是你的。
My sister's wedding was a big event for my family.
我姐姐的婚礼是我家的大事。
Let's get down to business at hand.
让我们着手处理手头的事吧。
What's the matter with you?
你怎么了？
即境活用
单项填空
①President Hu Jintao said China and the US have mon ________ in Taiwan.
A．affairs B．business
C．projects D．interests
②Young people should concern themselves with state ________.
A．business B．matters
C．incidents D．affairs
答案：①D ②D
9．aompany vt.陪伴；伴奏
①He aompanied a foreign visitor to the airport (station)．
他送外宾去机场(车站)。
②Let me ask you to aompany me to the police station.
我得要求你陪我去一趟警察局。
●用法拓展
(1)be aompanied by由某人陪同；由……伴奏
(2)aompany sb. to sp.陪某人去某处
(3)aompany sth. with/by sth.……与……同时存在或发生
(4)aompany sb. to do sth.陪某人去做某事
(5)pany n．陪伴；陪同
(6)keep sb. pany陪伴某人，和某人做伴
①Strong winds aompanied by heavy rain.
狂风夹着暴雨。
②The singer was aompanied by/on the piano.
那位歌手唱歌时是由钢琴伴奏的。
●温馨提示
aompany本身就有“陪同去……”的意思，所以一般不再和动词go连用，即不能用于aompany sb. to go to...
[误]Our teacher aompanied us to go to the park.
[正]Our teacher aompanied us to the park.
我们的老师陪我们一同去了公园。
即境活用
单项填空
Premier Wen Jiabao visited the Red Square ________ by Russian President Putin.
A．aompanying B．aompanied
C．attending D．attended
答案：B
重点短语
1.ring...up给……打电话
①He rang up the police station for help.
他给警察局打电话求助。
②I rang up the theatre to book seats for tonight.
我给剧院打电话预定今晚的座位。
●用法拓展
(1)ring sb. up表示telephone sb.意为“给……打电话”。其中up为副词，如宾语为代词，应放之前；宾语为名词放前后皆可。
(2)同义词组：call sb.(up)打电话给某人；make a telephone call to sb.或telephone/phone sb.打电话给某人；give sb. a ring/phone call打电话给某人
(3)相关词组：
ring for打电话要
ring back回电话给(某人)；回电话
ring off＝hang up挂断电话；放下电话
hold on＝hang on别挂断电话
Could you ring me up here as soon as he arrives?
他一到你就给我打电话好吗？
即境活用
单项填空
I was about to ________ the phone when it was ________ last night.
A．reply; rung off B．receive; rung up
C．answer; rung off D．answer; rung up
答案：C
2．reach for伸出……以触及
The soldier reached for his gun.
那名士兵伸手去拿枪。
Don't wish to reach for the moon; do something practical.
别痴心妄想，做点实际的事。
The lawbreaker was overpowered before he could reach for his knife.
那个违法分子没来得及伸手拿刀就已被制服了。
●归纳延伸
reach (one's hand) for sth.伸手去够某物
reach sth.够到某物
within one's reach能够到的范围
beyond/out of one's reach在某人够不到的范围
即境活用
单项填空
The little child ________ the apple on the tree, but it's too high for him to ________ it.
A．reached for; reach B．reached; reach for
C．reached; reach D．reached for; reach for
答案：A
3．carry out执行，贯彻；完成，实现
He carried out the plan in very detail.
他一丝不苟地执行那项计划。
They also carry out experiments.
他们还进行实验。
They carried out their plan without difficulty.
他们顺利地完成了计划。
●用法拓展
carry about/around随身带，携带
carry away拿走，带走，搬走
carry back送回；使回想；使陷入回忆
carry on经营，从事，忙于；(非正)继续进行
即境活用
单项填空
①We must try to________as if nothing had happened.
A．carry out B．carry about
C．carry on D．carry back
②Be sure to________your passport________with you whenever you leave the hotel.
A．carry；out B．carry；about
C．carry；on D．carry；back
③Kirk did not________his promise to us.
A．carry out B．carry about
C．carry on D．carry back
答案：①C ②B ③A
4．leave...alone不理，不管(惹)，不烦扰，不干涉
She wants to think things out quietly，so we had better leave her alone.
她要安静地考虑一下，我们最好别打扰她。
You shouldn't leave a baby alone in the house.
你不应该把一个婴儿单独留在家里。
●用法拓展
leave about/around乱扔，乱放
leave aside搁置，不考虑
leave behind忘带，留下；丢弃；使落后
leave out遗漏，省略，删去；未顾及，忽略
即境活用
单项填空
①I hope you won't________this excellent material________.
A．leave；alone B．leave；out
C．leave；behind D．leave；aside
②Don't________her________to sweep up after the party.
A．leave；alone B．leave；out
C．leave；behind D．leave；aside
③The young athlete soon________the others far________.
A．left；alone B．left；out
C．left；behind D．left；aside
答案：①B ②A ③C
5．test out考验
The new machine hasn't been tested out.
这台新机器还没有测试。
The beauty products have not been tested out.
这种美容产品还没有被实验。
●用法拓展
test on在……上做试验
test for检测，探讨
carry out执行，实施
turn out证明是；生产；出来
put out熄灭；出版
let out泄露；放出，发出
set out着手；开始
find out找出
try out试验
figure out合计；计算出
break out发生；爆发
I'd better have my eyes tested.
我该去检查视力了。
I was still sleeping when the fire broken out，and then it spread quickly.
当火灾发生的时候，我正在睡觉，大火迅速蔓延开来。
即境活用
单项填空
The engineers________the new product to see whether it's applicable.
A．examined B．inspected
C．investigated D．tested
答案：B
6．turn around转向；回转
He turned around and faced her.
他转身面向着她。
The speaker was clever enough to turn my question around so that it sounded foolish.
演讲者聪明地把我的问题转换了，使它听起来很愚蠢。
●用法拓展
turn around＝turn about转过脸/身去
turn around还可表示“倒转；逆转；彻底转变”。
常见和turn搭配的短语：
turn on/off打开/关上
turn away把……打发；走开，离开；转过脸去
turn down关小，调低；拒绝
turn up开大(声音)；到达，来到
turn to转到，翻到；求助于，求救于
turn out(to be)结果是，(最后)证明是
turn against背叛；(情况等)对……不利
turn back折回，翻回到
turn from side to side(把身体)转过来转过去
turn in转入；上缴
turn into进入；变成
turn over(使)打翻；反复考虑
turn the corner(沿街角)拐弯；转危为安
The famous player turned matches around in less than half an hour.
那位球星不到半小时就把比分翻了过来。
After I met him，my whole life turned around.
遇到他以后，我的整个生活彻底改变了模样。
即境活用
单项填空
①That was a poor piece of work you________，I could hardly believe it is yours.
A．turned into B．turned off
C．turned to D．turned in
②Lei Feng is always ready to help others when they are in trouble and he never________their request.
A．turns up B．turns over
C．turns in D．turns down
答案：①D ②D
重点句式
1.By the amused and surprised look on her face，Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair.
从格拉蒂斯脸上那有趣而又惊讶的神情来看，克莱尔知道，格拉蒂斯认为她有风流韵事。
(1)amused and surprised是过去分词，用作定语修饰look。
There is a concerned look on the teacher's face.
老师脸上带着关切的神情。
Look at his disappointed eyes.He must have failed the interview.
看他失望的眼神。他一定没通过面试。
(2)affair(尤指关系不长久的)风流韵事，丑闻
She is having an affair with her husband's best friend.
她正与丈夫的好友私通。
即境活用
单项填空
①He was left standing there，________.
A．disappointed and annoying
B．feeling disappointing and annoying
C．disappointed and annoyed
D．feeling disappointing and annoyed
②The________between the two film stars caused a scandal.
A．affair B．business
C．matter D．event
答案：①C ②A
2．The clock struck eight.
钟表敲打八点钟报时。
strike (struck, struck)在此译为“敲响；报时”。
I didn't hear the clock strike.
我没有听到报时钟声。
strike还有其他含义，如“打，击；攻击，袭击；侵袭；(突然)出现于(某人的)脑海中；给……以(深刻)印象；罢工”。
Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。
As I watched them, an idea struck me.
我看着他们时，产生了一个想法。
His enthusiasm for study struck his teacher favourably.
他勤奋学习的热情给老师留下了良好的印象。
n．罢工(课，市)
●易混辨析
strike, beat与hit
strike v．敲响，报时；打，击；攻击，袭击；侵袭；(突然)出现于(某人的)脑海中；给……以(深刻)印象；罢工
beat v．(心脏)等跳动；抽打；打败；有节奏的敲打
hit v．打，打击；碰撞； n．成功而风行一时的事物
即境活用
单项填空
①The boy was hit ________ head heavily by the ball.
A．on his B．on the
C．in his D．in the
②Everyone present was ________ by his enthusiasm.
A．hit B．beat
C．knocked D．struck
③Outside the rain is ________ against the window.
A．hitting B．striking
C．beating D．knocking
答案：①B ②D ③C
3．I wonder how they could actually make a robot seem as if he had emotions.
我很想知道他们怎么能使一个机器人看起来好像是有情感的。
as if“好像，仿佛”。常放在look, sound, smell, feel, seem等词的后面。
The kitchen smells as if something is burning in it.
厨房里好像有什么东西烧着了。
Tom sounds as if he has a cold.
汤姆听起来好像是感冒了。
有时as if引导的从句表达的内容与事实不相符，则用虚拟语气。
Don't treat me as if I were a child.
不要把我当小孩子对待。
即境活用
单项填空
They know each other as if they ________ friends for many years.
A．are B．have been
C．were D．had been
答案：D
4．As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.
当她转身时，她发现格拉迪斯•克拉凡就站在身旁。
there stood...为倒装结构。在there后面如果有表示存在的动词，如seem, stand, lie, exist, live等，往往用倒装结构。
①There seems no one in the house.
这间房子里好像没有人。
②Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman.
从前有一个老渔夫。
③There lies a chemical works by the river.
河边有一座化工厂。
④There stands an old temple on top of the hill.
山顶上有一座古庙。
●用法拓展
句子谓语动词是go, e, run等表示位置转移的动词和be动词，且句中又有表示方位的副词there, here, up, down, in, out, away等，为强调该副词，可将副词置于句首，若这时主语是名词，则主谓全部倒装；若为代词，则不倒装。
①Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。
②Away went John.约翰离开了。
③The door opened and in came Miss Smith.
门开了，史密斯小姐走了进来。
④There goes the bell.铃响了。
⑤Here it is.在这儿。
⑥Away he went.他走了。
即境活用
单项填空
Look! ________.
A．Here your teacher es
B．es here your teacher
C．Your teacher es here
D．Here es your teacher
答案：D
5．Claire thanked Tony，telling him that he was a “dear”．
克莱尔感谢托尼，说他非常可爱。
telling him that he was a “dear”是现在分词短语，在句中作状语。
●用法拓展
现在分词作状语时，句子中的主语为现在分词的执行者，而过去分词作状语时，句子中的主语为动作的承受者。现在分词可作表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件和结果的状语。这些表示时间、原因、条件的分词或分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。
Passing by the house，he saw a girl playing the piano.
他经过那所房子时，看到一个女孩在弹钢琴。(Passing by the house相当于：When he was passing by...)
即境活用
单项填空
________such heavy loss，the businessman didn't have the courage to go on.
A．Having suffered B．Suffering
C．To suffer D．Suffered
答案：A
6．...―you cannot have women falling in love with machines.
……――总不能让女人和机器相爱吧。
这句话的结构是“have＋n.＋doing”，have的意思是cause(sb. to do)，它与“have＋n.＋do”结构的意思有时略有不同，前者讲的是过程，后者叙述的是当时的情况。
As soon as I got there，I tried to have John find me a house.
我一到那里就试着让约翰给我找个房子。
She had us all laughing at her jokes.
她的笑话让我们大笑。
●用法拓展
①在“have＋n.＋doing”结构中，如果have用作否定时，其意思为not permit or allow。
②“have＋n.＋to do”表示“有什么事情需要做”。
I can't have you going everywhere and doing nothing all day.
我不能让你整天无所事事地东游西荡。
The professor has an extraordinary way to make his class lively and interesting.
这个教授有特殊的办法使他的课一直生动有趣。
He said he had nothing to be afraid of.
他说他什么都不怕。
7．Asimov began having stories published in science fiction magazines in 1939.
阿西莫夫于1939年起开始在科幻杂志上发表他写的故事。
having stories published是使役动词have的复合结构。
●用法拓展
在“have＋名词/代词＋过去分词”这一结构中，have通常有三种不同意义：
(1)指有意识的行为时have作“使得、让”解，等于get，过去分词动作的执行者可能不是句子的主语，也可能有句子的主语参与。
(2)指无意识的行为时have作“受到、遭受”解，表示一种经历。过去分词动作的执行者不是句子的主语。相反，主语受到这种动作的影响。
(3)表示通常意义的“有”。
①I usually have my clothes washed on Sundays. I don't wash my clothes myself.
我通常在星期天洗衣服，但不是自己洗。
②They are having their house painted.
他们正在请人油漆房屋。
③The park had everything robbed of in the war.
战争中，公园被洗劫一空。
④Brown has hardly any money saved for his old age.
布朗几乎不存钱养老。
⑤He had his experiment report all written out neatly.
他把实验报告写得清清楚楚。
●特别提醒
(1)have sth. done意为“让别人做某事”，过去分词作补语，表示被动关系。
(2)类似词组：get sth. Done
即境活用
完成句子
①I've just had some new photos ________(拍照)．
②He had four copies of the paper ________ (打印)in black.
③I intended to have my son ________(受教育) in England.
答案：①taken ②typed ③educated
知 能 层 层 练
一、单项填空
1．My English teacher is really very kind.I'll never fet the________he has done me.
A．favour B．deed
C．help D．value
答案：A
解析：本题考查do sb.the favour的用法，意为“帮某人忙”，该题中the favour与其后的定语从句中的do构成搭配。
2．There are________to be changes when the new education system is introduced.
A．necessary B．easy
C．bound D．probably
答案：C
解析：be bound to do sth.“一定做某事”，为固定搭配。
3．She tries to________some money every month to support her son to go to college.
A．set apart B．set aside
C．put out D．put back
答案：B
解析：set aside“留出”。
4．Tomorrow he is to________a group of American artists on a tour of the city.
A．associate B．cooperate
C．aompany D．coordinate
答案：C
解析：aompany“陪伴”，符合题意。associate“联系”；cooperate“合作”；coordinate“协调”。
5．Do you know that every man here________you your freedom to do or say what you want?
A．envies B．admires
C．appreciates D．enjoys
答案：A
解析：有随心所欲说想说的话，做想做的事的自由，这确实让人羡慕。envy sb.sth.“羡慕某人某物”为固定搭配。
6．What can I do to smooth________the difficulties？Can you think of a good idea?
A．away B．down
C．over D．into
答案：A
解析：smooth away“消除(问题)；克服(困难)”，其宾语通常是difficulty，misunderstanding等名词。smooth down“使……平坦/平滑”；smooth over“缓和；调解”；smooth into...“均匀涂抹于……”。
7．Being extremely angry，the boy________and went out，saying nothing.
A．turned up B．turned in
C．turned off D．turned around
答案：D
解析：turn around“转向；回转”，此处意为“转身”。turn up“出现；露面”；turn in“上交”；turn off“关掉”。
8．Selling fried chicken at the night market doesn't seem to be a decent business，but it is actually quite________.
A．plentiful B．precious
C．profitable D．productive
答案：C
解析：profitable“盈利的，有利可图的”，符合题意。plentiful“充裕的”；precious“珍贵的”；productive“多产的”。
9．In 1939，Hitler________war against Poland，which started the Second World War.
A．announced B．broadcast
C．declared D．advertised
答案：C
解析：declare war against...“对……宣战”，为固定搭配。
10．As we all know，the snakes and frogs are________and they hibernate in winter.
A．warmhearted B．warmblooded
C．coldblooded D．brightcoloured
答案：C
解析：coldblooded“冷血的”。warmhearted“热心的，热诚的”；warmblooded“热血的；热烈的”；brightcoloured“颜色鲜亮的”。
二、选用合适的短语，并用其适当形式填空。
1．take it easy, take on a new look, take advantage of
①Language students should ________ modern facilities for constant language practice.
②Hey, ________！ Nobody's saying you're not good at your job.
③Our country has indeed undergone rapid development and ________.
2．set aside, set down, set out, set up, set about
①Johnson ________ decorating their new house in blues and yellows.
②He was asked to ________ the facts just as he remembered them.
③I ________ my overcoat and took out my summer clothes.
④After dinner, Candida ________ for the supermarket to buy some chocolate.
⑤A lot of tall buildings have been ________ in Beijing in the past three years.
3．turn around, turn to, turn out
①The bus was so full that I could hardly ________.
②It was a difficult time, but eventually things ________ all right.
③Don't hesitate to ________ us if you are in difficulty.
答案：1.①take advantage of ②take it easy ③taken on a new look
2．①set about ②set down ③set aside ④set out ⑤set up
3．①turn around ②turned out ③turn to
三、根据所给提示完成下列句子
1．Fortunately, the fire was discovered ________________________________(刚着了不久)．(soon after)
2．It is ____________________________(不如说更像一场儿戏)than a real issue of life and death.(more...than)
3．Jane went on her way singing, and ________________________________(她的歌喉好像赛过了)that of a bird.(it seemed as if)
4．________________________________(他尽力让自己相信)he was eager to see her.(persuade oneself that)
5．Gee, I ______________________________________(不允许你那样对我大吵大叫)！(not have sb. doing sth.)
答案：1.soon after it (had) started
2．more like a children's game
3．it seemed as if her voice was lovelier/better than
4．He tried to persuade himself that
5．won't have you shouting at me that way
语 法 路 路 通
高考语法专题十三 名词性从句
知识清单
一、名词性从句注意的几个问题
1．名词性从句的引导词有连词that, whether, if；连接代词what, which, who, whom, whoever, whatever等；连接副词where, when, why, how等。
2．名词性从句中要用陈述句语序。
3．通常宾语从句中的时态要与主句谓语动词的时态保持一致。
4．主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that而不用why或because。
5．有多个that引导的从句时，只有第一个that可以省略；that引导名词性从句且置于句首时，不能省略。
6．doubt等词后若是肯定句则用whether或if引导，若是否定句则用that引导。
7．同位语从句之前的名词多为表示抽象概念的fact, belief, idea, suggestion等，从句说明名词的具体内容。
二、what和that在名词性从句中的用法比较
8．what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语，意义上相当于the thing(s) that。引导主语从句时，其谓语动词的单复数依句意而定。
9．that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接词的作用，无任何意义。引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，谓语动词用单数。
三、whether和if在名词性从句中的用法比较
whether和if在宾语从句中一般可以互换，但在以下情况中只能用whether不能用if。
10．引导宾语从句、宾语从句在介词之后或在discuss后作宾语时。
11．引导主语从句或置于句首时。
12．后面直接接or not时。
13．引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容时。
14．后紧跟不定式时。
15．引导表语从句，表示“是否”时。
四、主语从句和宾语从句有时常用it作形式主语或宾语
16．it作形式主语的常用结构：
①It＋系动词＋名词＋that从句
②It＋系动词＋形容词＋that从句
③It＋特殊动词＋that从句
④It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句
17．it作形式宾语的常用结构：
①主语＋谓语＋it＋从句
②主语＋谓语＋介词＋it＋从句
③主语＋谓语＋it＋形容词＋从句
④主语＋谓语＋it＋名词＋从句
⑤主语＋谓语＋it＋过去分词＋从句
专题专练
1.(2010•重庆卷)To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions ________ had used the products.
A．whoever B．who
C．whichever D．which
答案：A
解析：考查连词。whoever引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，相当于anyone who。
2．(2010•上海卷)When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know ________.
A．he is entering which lane
B．which lane he is entering
C．is he entering which lane
D．which lane is he entering
答案：B
解析：考查宾语从句，从句中要用陈述句语序。
3．(2010•上海卷)One reason for her preference for city life is ________ she can have easy aess to places like shops and restaurants.
A．that B．how
C．what D．why
答案：A
解析：考查名词性从句。reason作主语，表语从句用that引导，不用because。
4．(2010•陕西卷)It never ourred to me ________ you could sueed in persuading him to change his mind.
A．which B．what
C．that D．if
答案：C
解析：考查固定句型。我从来没有想到你能成功地说服他改变主意。It ours to sb. that...的意思为“某人突然想到……”，其中that引导主语从句，it为形式主语，指代that从句的具体内容。
5．(2010•福建卷)We should respect food and think about the people who don't have ________ we have here and treat food nicely.
A．that B．which
C．what D．whether
答案：C
解析：考查名词性从句。我们应该重视食物，想想那些得不到我们所拥有的这些的人，好好对待食物。此处考查宾语从句的引导词，从句中缺少宾语，故选what作动词have的宾语。
6．(2010•浙江卷)It is uncertain ________ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
A．that B．what
C．how D．whether
答案：B
解析：考查名词性从句。此处是由what引导的主语从句，指代It的具体内容，It是形式主语，所以这里选B项。
7．He didn't make________clear when and where the meeting would be held.
A．this B．that
C．it D．these
答案：C
解析：本题考查引导词it的用法。本题句意为：“他清楚地说明了会议召开的时间和地点。”C选项it在这里用作形式宾语代替后面when and where引导的宾语从句。引导词it的这种用法不能被其它选项中的代词所取代，故答案选C。
8．We haven't settled the question of ________ it is necessary for him to study abroad.
A．if B．where
C．whether D．that
答案：C
解析：考查宾语从句。主句中有question，且作介词宾语，故后连词应用whether引导。
9．Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and ________ it is rough or smooth.
A．/ B．whether
C．how D．what
答案：B
解析：考查名词性从句。根据后句中rough or smooth可知，前连词应为whether引导。
10．________ song Jay Zhou sings will surely bee popular pretty soon.
A．What B．Which
C．Whoever D．Whatever
答案：D
解析：A项“什么”；B项“哪个”；C项“任何人”；D项“无论什么”。句意：无论周杰伦唱什么样的歌曲都一定会很快流行的。故D项正确。
11．________ is well known is that America is under the authority of Obama, who is the first AfricanAmerican president.
A．It B．What
C．As D．That
答案：B
解析：分析题干知，________ is well known是what引导的主语从句，同时what也是该从句主语。此题容易错选为A或C，当原句中去掉第二个is，此时用it作形式主语，后接that主语从句；当把is that变为逗号，则用as，句子成为一个非限制性定语从句，故B项正确。
12．It is no longer a question now ________ man can land on the moon.
A．that B．if
C．whether D．what
答案：A
解析：句意：现在人类到达月球已不再是问题了。分析句子知，it是形式主语，that后面实际是一主语从句，故A项正确。
13．________ annoyed him most was that he had received no apology.
A．How B．Why
C．What D．Which
答案：C
解析：句意：使他很烦心的是没人向他道歉。what引导主语从句，同时作主语从句的主语，相当于the thing that。故C项正确。
14．________ young people see and hear in the media helps them to figure out how the world works.
A．Which B．That
C．What D．How
答案：C
解析：分析句子知helps是谓语动词，主语从句中的谓语动词see和hear缺少宾语，故选用what引导主语从句，同时作主语从句中的宾语，相当于the things that，C项正确。
15．―Mary looks down today. What is the matter?
―Well, ________ happened between Mary and me is none of your business.
A．wherever B．whoever
C．whatever D．whichever
答案：C
解析：A项“无论哪里”；B项“任何人”；C项“无论什么”；D项“无论哪个”。答句句意：我和玛丽之间无论发生什么事情都与你无关。此处是whatever引导的主语从句，相当于anything that。
16．In terms of English learning, you focus more on vocabulary than on reading prehension and I think that's ________ you are mistaken.
A．what B．when
C．where D．how
答案：C
解析：句意：就英语学习来说，你总是以词汇为中心而忽略了阅读理解，我认为那正是你错误的地方。where引导表语从句，意为“……的地方”。故C项正确。
17．Pointing to the house on ________ roof grew lots of bush, the old man told me that was ________ I would stay.
A．its; what B．whose; what
C．whose; where D．its; where
答案：C
解析：分析题干，第一空roof与先行词the house之间是所属关系，故用whose；第二空中stay是不及物动词，不需要宾语，故用where引导一个表语从句。
18．―My main consideration is ________ the growth of tourism actually helps people.
―That's not a problem.
A．whether B．if
C．why D．how
答案：A
解析：上句句意：我主要考虑的是旅游业的发展事实上能否帮助人们。选项A和B都有“是否”之意，但whether可引导表语从句，而if不能，故A项正确。
19．He didn't tell me ________ the exhibition was held.
A．where was it that
B．that it was where
C．where it was that
D．that was it where
答案：C
解析：分析句子，空白处是tell的一个宾语从句，要用陈述语序，排除选项A和D；宾语从句是where引导的强调句的特殊疑问句，他没有告诉我展览会在哪儿举办。故C项正确。
20．My parents don't care ________ my pocket money goes, but one thing is for sure: the money spent must be worthwhile.
A．why B．when
C．where D．how
答案：C
解析：受汉语影响此题易误选D，意思是怎么花了零花钱，根据从句谓语动词goes可知，父母不在乎零花钱去了哪儿，故要用副词where。
21．Nancy never doubts for a moment ________ she will lose her job.
A．that B．what
C．whether D．which
答案：A
解析：句意：Nancy从没怀疑自己会失去工作。doubt“怀疑”接宾语从句时，主句为肯定句用whether或if，主句为否定句或疑问句用that。主句中含有never否定词，故A项正确。
22．―Can you join us in the party this evening?
―Well, that depends on ________ I can have my report done before then.
A．whether B．if
C．when D．how
答案：A
解析：根据答语“能否参加今天的晚会取决于我是否到时能完成汇报”可排除选项C和D；在depend on后接whether引导的从句。故A项正确。
23．Could you tell us ________ happens when one student in class expresses a personal opinion ________ maybe offends other students?
A．that; that B．what; where
C．that; where D．what; that
答案：D
解析：主句谓语tell后是一复合句，第一空是what引导的主语从句，同时充当主语；第二空是that引导的定语从句，代替opinion作从句主语，故D项正确。
24．The thought has worried me much ________ I might fail in the exam.
A．that B．which
C．when D．so that
答案：A
解析：句意：害怕考试不及格的这种想法让我非常担忧。分析句子结构，that引导的从句解释说明thought的具体内容，所以此处是一同位语从句。
25．Information has been put forward ________ more measures will be taken to solve the economic problems.
A．while B．when
C．as D．that
答案：D
解析：句意：有报告已经提出，要采取更多的措施解决经济问题。that引导一个分隔式同位语从句，解释information具体内容。故D项正确。
26．A great idea suddenly ourred to me ________ I might use the pocket money to buy a tie for my father's birthday.
A．if B．when
C．that D．which
答案：C
解析：句意：我可以用零花钱给爸爸买条领带作为生日礼物，这个好主意突然涌上心头。分析题干知，本句是一个分割式同位语从句，先行词是a great idea，后接that引导的从句，说明它的具体内容。故C项正确。
27．There is a danger ________ museums will attempt to entertain rather than educate.
A．why B．that
C．where D．which
答案：B
解析：句意：所存在的危险就是博物馆成了娱乐场所而不是为了教育。此处是一个同位语从句，通常所修饰的名词有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，后面的从句说明它们的具体内容。故B项正确。
28．You'd better give the task to ________ you think can finish it ahead of time.
A．whoever B．whomever
C．anyone D．no matter who
答案：A
解析：句意：你最好把任务交给你认为可以提前完成的人。you think是插入语，to后缺宾语，后面宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，相当于anyone who。
29．The citizens of Beijing are proud of ________ they have done to make Beijing a beautiful city.
A．that B．which
C．what D．how
答案：C
解析：句意：北京市民为把北京建成一个美丽的城市所做的一切感到自豪。be proud of“以……为自豪”，of后缺宾语，have done后也缺宾语，故用what作双重成分，相当于the things that。
30．As long as you are not making unreasonable requests, there's no need to worry too much about ________ the manager will be receptive to your proposals.
A．since B．what
C．when D．whether
答案：D
解析：句意：只要你提出的请求不是无理的，那么不必过多担心经理是否会接纳你的提议。whether是否，引导宾语从句，充当介词about的宾语。