土地改革(Land Reform)

详细内容

'

longbeforethelandreformlawwaspromulgatedon30june1950,thephadbeenexperimentingwithmeasurestoreturnthelandtothevastnumbersofpeasants.theseexperiments,whichhadtakenplacewhereverthepartyhadbeenabletomaintainastronghold,includingthejiangxisovietandyan'an,hadknownvariousradicalaspects,butboileddowntotheabolishmentoflandownershipbythelandlordclassandtheintroductionofpeasantlandownership.anewelementthatwasintroducedin1950wastheprovisionthatthedevelopmentofagriculturalproductionresultingfromthiswouldpavethewayfortheindustrializationofchina.asaresult,manypeasanthouseholdsheldthedeedfortheirpieceoflandforthefirsttimeever.

nationwideagiculturalreformstookplacefrom1950untilthespringof1953.insomeplaces,thelawwasexecutedwithmoreforcethanwascalledfor,leadingtothemistreatmentofformerlandlords.inall,aboutonemillionofthemwereexecuted.althoughtheposterabove,publishedin1952,boaststhatlandreformbasicallyhadbeenpleted,thiswasonlyaomplishedin1953.inall,700millionmuofland(1muis.0867hectares)andvariousmeansofproductionwereredistributedamong300millionpeasantswhohadbeenlandlessbefore.onlytheareasinhabitedbytheminoritynationalitieshadnotbeentouchedbythelawyet.despitethecentralityoflandreformintheparty'spolicies,publicationdatafrom1949indicatethatlessthantwopercentofthetotalposterproductionwasdevotedtotypicalruraltopics,includingmethodstoimproveproduction.thissuggestsevenmorestronglytheextenttowhichposterswereintendedtosupportothertypesofmobilizationaltechniques.itmayalsopointtoimportantshiftsthatemergedinthepoliticalagenda.shortlyafterthefieldshadbeenturnedovertothetiller,preparationsbegantofamiliarizethepeasantrywiththenextstepinagriculturalreform.beforelong,thelandthathadbeenhandedouttothepeasantswasslowlyreturnedtothestate.inaprocessofcollectivizationthatstartedin1953,thefarmerswerefirstanizedinso-calledmutualhelpteams.theseweregraduallymergedintoloweragrariancooperatives.duringthegreatleapforward,theselowerformsofcooperativeswouldbemergedintohugepeople'smunes.

asaresultofthecollectivizationofthecountryside,certainamenitiesandservicesthathaduntilthenbeenreservedforcitydwellers,nowcamewithinreachoftheruralpopulation.the"electrificationofthecountryside",inbinationwiththemechanizationofagriculture,wasamongthese.judgingbytheposterbelow,theavailabilityoftheseamenitieswasapparentlyusedtoenticethepeopletojoinsuchcollectives.