定义价格(The Definition of Price )

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pricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeused.theyarealsothemeansbywhichproductsandservicesthatareinlimitedsupplyarerationedamongbuyers.thepricesystemoftheunitedstatesisaplexworkposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professional,transportation,andpublic-utilityservices.theinterrelationshipsofallthesepricesmakeupthe"system"ofprices.thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,plicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.ifoneweretoaskagroupofrandomlyselectedindividualstodefine"price",manywouldreplythatpriceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductorserviceor,inotherwordsthatpriceisthemoneyvaluesofaproductorserviceasagreeduponinamarkettransaction.thisdefinitionis,ofcourse,validasfarasitgoes.

forapleteunderstandingofapriceinanyparticulartransaction,muchmorethantheamountofmoneyinvolvedmustbeknown.boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatapplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatprisethetotal"package"beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.