2011届高考英语句型专题复习Unit19-Unit20

详细内容

plex

短语

pay pack go about tear up at the mercy of go down on one’s knees who’s who argue with hope for ause sb.of ask for offer up on one condition

句型

1.It’s useless/no use doing sth.

2.倍数表达法

3.as far as I know就我所知

Unit 20

单词

decoration spear pot emperor pin clothing distinction centimeter clay arrowdozen cushion spare tend approximately average lorry link monument homeland status remote distant quantity mask aompany vast square triangle

短语

tend to in terms of in the eyes of lend a hand serve as dig up have a hand in

句型

1.表语/地点状语提前的倒装句型

2.It is/was+时间名词＋when...

Unit 19

理解:要点诠释

单词

1.declare

讲：v.宣布，宣告，声称

例:The colonies declared their independence from England.

这些殖民地宣告脱离英国而独立。

She declared that she didn’t want to see him any more.

她声称说再也不想见到他了。

She declared herself(to be)innocent.

她声称自己是清白的。

The chairman declared the meeting open.

主席宣布会议开始。

链接・提示

(1)declare for/against赞成，反对

I declare for his opinion.

我赞成他的观点。

(2)declare war on/against...对……宣战

Terrorists declared war on the United States,and war is what they got.

(布什总统)恐怖分子向美国宣战，而他们得到的就是战争。

练:The judges had different ideas about the results,so it was two hours before the results were_____________________

A.cried out B.let out C.announced D.declared

提示:announce多用于宣布人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息。declare多用于宣战、议和等。

答案:C

2.order

讲：v. 命令，订购，订做，点菜

n.命令，订购，订做，点菜；次序顺序

例:He ordered a glass of beer.

他要了一杯啤酒。

The boss ordered the drunken man out.

老板命令醉汉出去。

The leader ordered that the work(should)be started at once.

领导命令马上开始工作。

He ordered his secretary to place an order for 100 books and arrange them in order of size.

他命令秘书订购100本书并把他们按大小顺序排列。

链接・提示

(1)order后的that从句中的谓语动词形式为“(should)+动词原形”。类似的词还有demand,desire,insist,propose,request,require,suggest等。

(2)order sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事

(3)order sb.away命令某人离开

(4)in order整齐；有条理

(5)place an order for sth.订购……

(6)in order to为了

(7)in order that为了

练:I ordered that the gate________________ to keep the cows and sheep out.

A.was locked B.must be locked

C.be locked D.would be locked

提示:order后接的宾语从句中用should＋动词原形，或省略should。故选C项。

答案:C

3.mercy

讲：n.仁慈；宽恕；怜悯；幸运；恩惠

例:They showed no mercy to their hostages.

他们对人质丝毫不讲仁慈。

They had no mercy on they poor father and daughter.

他们不怜悯这可怜的父女俩。

It’s a mercy she wasn’t seriously hurt.

幸运的是她伤势不重。

链接・提示

(1)at the mercy of sb./sth.任……处理；对……无能为力；任由……摆布

I’m not going to put myself at the mercy of the bank.

我不想任由银行摆布。

(2)without mercy残忍地；毫不留情地

(3)leave sb./sth.to the mercy/mercies of sb./sth.听任……可能受到虐待(而无能为力)

(4)throw yourself on sb.s mercy指望某人能善待(或宽恕)你

(5)beg for mercy恳求/请求宽恕

(6)have mercy on/upon对……表示怜悯

(7)show mercy to...对……表示怜悯

练:The days when we were_______________ the foreigners have gone forever.

A.at the mercy of B.taking our fate lying down

C.without mercy D.going down on one’s knees

提示:B、C、D三项后都不能接宾语。故选A项。句意为:我们受外国人摆布的日子一去不复返了。

答案:A

短语

1.on one condition

讲：该词组的义项有：在某一条件下。

例:I will let you go abroad only on one condition.

只有一种条件之下我才让你出国。

I can let you have it on very favorable condition.

我能让你在优惠条件下得到它。

Energy is Eternal Delight.活力是永恒的欢乐。

链接・拓展

(1)on this/that/what condition在这种/那种/什么情形下

(2)on condition(that)=provided that条件是……

(3)on no condition无论在任何情形下都不

(4)be in good/bad/poor condition

状况良好/不好;健康状况良好/不佳。

(5)be in no condition to do sth.=be not in a condition to do sth.情况不适宜去做某事。

练:“In no condition________________ you are a Chinese,” Dad told me before I went to Japan.

A.you should fet B.fet you

C.shouldn’t you fet D.should you fet

提示:in no condition放在句首时，句子采用部分倒装语序。故选D项。

答案:D

2.offer up

讲：该词组的义项有:奉献；祭献(给上帝)。

例:Antonio,get ready and offer up your breast.

安东尼奥，准备好，献上你的胸脯吧！

She offered up a prayer to God for her husband’s safe return.

她向上帝祷告，保佑他丈夫平安回来

链接・拓展

(1)offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.给某人提供某物

He offered me his seat.

他主动让座给我。

(2)offer to do sth.主动干某事

The boys offered to help the old woman.

孩子们要帮助那位老妇人。

(3)offer some money for sth.出价多少买某物

We offered 1000 dollars for the puter.

我们出价1000美元买这台微机。(4)offer sth.for some money出价多少卖某物

I offered him the house for thirty thousand yuan.

我以三万的价格卖给他这所房子。

(5)offer/give sb.a lift让某人搭便车；帮助

He gave me a lift by lending me 100 dollars.

他借给我100美元来帮助我。

练:(1)（2010湖南高考）They’ve_____________ us ￡150 000 for the house.Shall we take it?

A.provided B.supplied

C.shown D.offered

提示:句意为:他们已经出十五万元买这个房子，我们接受这个价格吗？offer往往指买者的出价。

答案:D

(2)He_______________ to lend me his bicycle but I refused,for I didn’t want to trouble him.

A.failed B.offered

C.considered D.insisted on

提示:首先排除C、D两项，因为consider和insist on后接动名词;fail to do sth.意为“没做成某事”;offer to do sth.意为“主动做某事”,故选B项。

答案:B

(3)(2010江西南昌一模)―Why did you leave that position?

―I__________ a better position at IBM.

A.offer B.offered

C.am offered D.was offered

提示:IBM公司提供给“我”一个较好的工作职位，“我”作主语，结合上文时态，所以用过去时的被动结构。

答案:D

句型

1.It’s useless/no use doing sth.

讲:注意观察下面教材原句:

It is useless trying to argue with Shylock.

在It’s useless/no use/no good+doing sth.结构中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是其后动名词，译作“做某事没用/没好处”。

例:It’s no use crying over spilt milk.

覆水难收。

It will be useless learning a theory without practice.

学习理论没有实践是无用的。

It’s no good eating too much before going to bed.

睡觉前吃得太多没有好处。

It’s good doing exercises every day.

每天锻炼有好处。

链接・提示

动名词(短语)作主语时，有时用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语移至句尾。结构为:It+表语+动名词。常在此结构作表语的词有:

a wonder一个奇迹；dangerous危险的；hopeless无助的；nice美好的；no good不好的；no use无用的；useless无用的；a waste of一种……浪费；worthwhile值得的

练:It’s no use_________ to solve problems______________ .Talks are the only solution.

A.trying;by force B.to try;by force

C.to try;by munication D.trying;by munication

提示:依据It’s no use doing排除B、C两项；by force(通过武力)与后文的talk相对应。故选A项。

答案:A

2.倍数表达法

讲:注意观察下面教材原句:

If you offered me six times what you have just offered,I would still take my pound of flesh.

即使你愿意给我六倍于你刚才提出的钱数，我也要得到我应得的一磅肉。

例:The building being built over there is five times the height of this old one.

那边正在建的大楼比这座旧楼高五倍。

The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.

现在的产量是十年前的三倍。

链接・提示

1.用times表示倍数，一般是限于表示三倍或三倍以上的数，表示两倍用twice或double,一倍则用once。

2.英语中表示倍数的句式有

(1)倍数＋as＋形容词(副词)原级＋as

(2)倍数＋形容词(副词)比较级＋than

(3)倍数＋the＋名词(size,weight,height,depth,length,width等)＋of...

(4)形容词的比较级＋than...＋by＋倍数

(5)倍数＋what从句

This square is three times as big as that one.=This square is three times bigger than that one.

=This square is three times the size of that one.

=This square is bigger than that one by three times.

这个广场是那个广场的三倍大。

He offered me six times what you have just offered.

他愿意给我六倍于你所提供的钱。

The tower is twice the height of the building.

这座塔是那栋楼房的两倍高。

练:（2010安徽皖南联考）I collected______________ he did for the Hope Project the day before yesterday.

A.three times as many money as B.three times much money than

C.three times more money than D.three times many more money

提示:本题考查倍数句型。money为不可数名词，不可用many修饰，故排除A、D项。由题意可知，空格处表示“比……多三倍的钱”，倍数句型之一为“倍数+比较级+than”，故选C项。

答案:C

3.as far as I know据我所知

讲:注意观察下面教材原句:

As far as I know,the story has a happy ending.

据我所知，这个故事有一个美好的结局。

例:As far as I know,he is always telling lies.

据我所知，他总是说谎。

As far as we know,there was no cause for concern.

据我们所知，没有什么要担心的。

As far as I know,the Pacific Ocean is by far the largest in the world.

据我所知，太平洋是世界上最大的洋。

练:(1) _____________ I can see,there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.

A.As long as B.Just as

C.As far as D.Even if

提示:句意为:在我看来，可能只有一种避开危险的方法。

答案:C

(2)―How far apart do they live?

―____________ I know,they live in the same neighbourhood.

A.As long as B.As far as

C.As well as D.As often as

提示:句意为:“他们的住处相距多远?” “据我所知,他们住在同一街区。”as fas as意为“据我所知”。

答案:B

(3)We usually walk______________ the river bank over there,but today I feel tired and won’t walk far.

A.as long as;so B.as far as;that

C.as often as;such D.as soon as;very

提示:as far as有两个意思(1)“远到(某地点)”；(2)“就……而言”；that可以用作副词，意为“那样，那么”。例如:He jumped that high.

答案:B

4.so+adj.+a/an+n.句型

讲:注意观察下面教材原句:

He is young,but I never knew so young a body with so wise a head.

他很年轻，但是我从来不知道有这么年轻又这么聪明的人。

句中的so是副词，当它修饰作定语的形容词时，应该放在被修饰的形容词前，这时形容词修饰的一定是单数可数名词。构成so+adj.+a/an+n.。

例:Did you notice that you had made so serious a mistake?

你注意到你犯了一个如此严重的错误吗？

Russian is so difficult a language for us Chinese to learn.

俄语对我们中国人来说是很难学的一门语言。

链接・提示

too,as和how也用同样用法:

(1)too+adj.+a/an+n.

(2)as+adj.+a/an+n.

(3)how+adj.+a/an+n.

It is too serious a matter.I can’t deal with it alone.

这个事情太严重了，我一个人处理不了。

In my opinion,he is as good a doctor as I.

在我看来他和我一样，都是个好医生。

How wonderful a plan it would be!

多好的计划啊！

练:Exercise is_____________ as any other to lose unwanted weight.

A.so good a way B.as good a way

C.as a good way D.such a good way

提示:句意为:像别的运动一样，锻炼是一种减肥的好方法。从句意看，本句应该用表示比较的句型。so..as...和as...as...动可以表示“和……一样”，但是so...as用于否定句，排除A项；such同that从句连用，表示“如此……以至于……“，排除D项；依据“as+adj.+a/an+n.”确定答案为B。

答案:B

辨析

1.despite,in spite of,though(although)

(1)despite=in spite of;故不能再与of连用

(2)in spite of/despite+名词＝though(although)+从句

We went out in spite of/despite the rain.

=We went out though/although it was raining.

虽然下雨，我们还是出去了。

即时练习:

(1)He is very active________________ his age.

(2) ________________a thorough investigation,no trace of the murderer has been found.

(3) ________________ he was poor,he was generous.

(4) ________________all efforts,he failed.

答案:(1)despite(in spite of) (2)Despite(In spite of) (3)Although/Though (4)Despite/In spite of

2.flesh,meat

flesh通常批人或动物身上的肉或果肉。

meat供食用的兽类的肉(区别于鱼或禽类的肉)。

注:猪肉pork;牛肉beef;羊肉mutton;鹿肉venison;马肉horse meat;鸡肉chicken;鸭肉duck;鹅肉goose等。

即时练习:

(1)The_____________ of the peach is sweet and juicy.

(2)Tigers are_____________-eating animals.(老虎是肉食动物。)

(3)He has put on_________________ .

(他胖了。)

(4)I like__________________ while my sister likes fish.

答案:(1)flesh (2)meat (3)flesh (4)meat

诱思：实例点拨

【例1】(2010上海高考)At a rough estimate,Nigeria is_____________ Great Britain.

A.three times the size as B.the size three times of

C.three times as the size of D.three times the size of

提示:本题考查倍数结构，the size为度量名词，所以该结构的正确形式为:three times the size of...。故选D项。

答案:D

讲评:倍数的结构是经常考查的知识点，应牢记倍数的各种结构形式。

【例2】(2010全国高考Ⅱ)Before building a house,you will have to _________ the government’s permission.

A.get from B.follow

C.receive D.ask for

提示:A项搭配不当，如果用get表示本句话的意思，应改为get permission from the government；follow的意思“听从”；receive的意思是“接到”；ask for表示“请求……”，符合句意。

答案:D

讲评:解考查词义辨析的题时，一方面要注意选项之间词义的差别，另一方面还要注意是否符合句境，以及句式是否正确。