儿童与电视(Children and Television)

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televisionhasbeenchangingthewaypeopleliveforthirtyyears.itinfluencesnearlyeveryaspectofmodernlife.howpeopleuseleisuretime,hownewsisreported,howinformationislearned,andhowpeoplethinkandfeel.

childrenareparticularlysusceptibletotheeffectsoftelevisionbecausetheirmindsaregrowing,developing,andlearningmuchfasterthanthoseofadults.whereastelevisioncouldbeusedasaneducationaltoolforchildren,moreoftensimpleehtertainingcartoonswithlittleornoeducationalvalueareshown.

socialscientists,teachers,andparentsaretroubledbythekindsoftelevisionprogramschildrenchoosetowatch.thesegroupsofpeopleareconcernedaboutthemedia'simpactonyoung.children.theyareworriedabouttheeffectsoftelevisedviolenceonsocietyaswellasmercialsforsug-

arcoatedfood.mostimportantly,however,theyfeeltelevisionisonefactorthatcausesdecliningmathandreadingscoresamongschoolchildren.becauseoftheexcessivetimespentinwatchingtv,childrenarespendinglesstimereading

andthinkingindependently.

expertsareconcernedabouttheviewoftheworldthatyoungstersarelearningfromtelevision.parents,schools,andchurcheshavetraditionallybeenthesocialmodelsandteachersforchildren.however,becausetelevisioninfluenceschildren'sattitudesandbehavior,itsroleinsocietyisbeingincreasinglymorepowerful--itismuchmorethanasimplerecreationalactivity.

exposuretoexcessiveviolenceisanotherinfluenceoftelevision.aordingtoseveralstudies,televisedviolencemaycausechildrentobeemoreaggressive.also,becausesomuchviolenceisseenbychildrenontelevision,theybeemoreusedtoitastheonlysolutiontodifficultsituations.

childrenwhowatchagreatdealofviolenceontelevisionmaybeeapathetictowardactualaggression.onestudyhasshownthat,paredtoacontrolgroup,fifth-graderswhowatchedanaggressivetelevisionbroadcastwereslowertoaskforadulthelpwhenafightbrokeoutamongyoungerchildren.