第一单元生活智慧与时代精神教案
详细内容
e this shorting,but he thought they were fond of poking their noses into his business and were unwilling to provide him with tuition fee.His relatives and neighbours sneered at him,saying that he would never be able to learn anything.Asthe days went by,he even began to doubt whether he should walk the way he did,for he felt more and more that his walking gestures were too clumsy and awkward.
One day,he met some people on the road who werechattingand laughing.One of themsaid that people in Handan walked most gracefully.And thatwas just what he was most concerned about,so he hurreed towards themand wanted to make further inquiries.To his surprise,when these people saw him,they stalked off laughing.
He could not picture to himself in what way their walking gestures were graceful,no matter how hard he racked his parents one day.He went to Handanwhich was far away to learn how to walk.
As soon as he arrived in Handan,he was dazzled to find that everything was novel.He learned from the children there how to walk,because he thought that the children's walking gestures were lively and pleasing to the eye.He learnd from the old people there how to walk,because he thought the old people's walking gestures were steady .He learnd from the women there how to walk,because he thought the women' swaying walking gestures were beautiful.That being the case with him ,in less than half a month he even fot how to walk.As he had already used up his traveling expenses,he had to crawl back home.
Thisstory e from the article"Autumn Water"in The Works of Xhuang Zi(Zhuang Zi was a famous ancient Chinese philosopher of about 300B.c.).Later the set phrase"initating another without suess and losing what used to be one's own ability"is used to refer to acts of copying others mechanisally in disregard of specififc conditions.
拔苗助长
发音
bá miáo zhù zhǎng
解释
把苗拔起，以助其生长。后用来比喻违反事物的发展规律，急于求成，反而坏事。
出处
《孟子•公孙丑上》
用法
连动式；作谓语；比喻不切实际地办事，欲速不达
示例
《文汇报》1989.1.18：“不少教练员～，随意调整运动员的训练计划。
近义词
揠苗助长、急功近利
反义词
循序渐进
典 故
有一个宋国人靠种庄稼为生，天天都必须到地里去劳动。太阳当空的时候，没个遮拦，宋国人头上豆大的汗珠直往下掉，浑身的衣衫被汗浸得透湿，但他却不得不顶着烈日躬着身子插秧。下大雨的时候，也没有地方可躲避，宋国人只好冒着雨在田间犁地，雨打得他抬不起头来，和着汗一起往下淌。
就这样日复一日，每当劳动了一天，宋国人回到家以后，便累得一动也不想动，连话也懒得说一句。宋国人觉得真是辛苦极了。更令他心烦的是，他天天扛着锄头去田里累死累活，但是不解人意的庄稼，似乎一点也没有长高，真让人着急。
这一天，宋国人耕了很久的地，坐在田埂上休息。他望着大得好像没有边的庄稼地，不禁一阵焦急又涌上心头。他自言自语地说：“庄稼呀，你们知道我每天种地有多辛苦吗？为什么你们一点都不体谅我，快快长高呢？快长高、快长高……”他一边念叨，一边顺手去拔身上衣服的一根线头，线头没拔断，却出来了一大截。宋国人望着线头出神，突然，他的脑子里蹦出一个主意：“对呀，我原来怎么没想到，就这么办！”宋国人顿时来劲了，一跃而起开始忙碌……
太阳落山了，宋国人的妻子早已做好了饭菜，坐在桌边等他回来。“以往这时候早该回来了，会不会出了什么事？”她担心地想。忽然门“吱呀”一声开了，宋国人满头大汗地回来了。他一进门就兴奋地说：“今天可把我累坏了！我把每一根庄稼都拔出来了一些，它们一下子就长高了这么多……”他边说边比划着。“什么？你……”宋国人的儿子大吃一惊，他连话也顾不上说完，就赶紧提了盏灯笼深一脚浅一脚地跑到田里去。可是已经晚了，庄稼已经全都枯死了。
自然界万物的生长，都是有自己的客观规律的，人无力强行改变这些规律，只有遵循规律去办事才能取得成功。愚蠢的宋国人不懂得这个道理，急功近利，急于求成，一心只想让庄稼按自己的意愿快长高，结果落得一个相反的下场。
[提示]
“拔苗助长”是人们常用的一句成语，它的出处就是这则寓言故事。自然界和人类社会都有它们发展、变化的客观规律。这些规律不以人们的意志为转移。人们只能认识它，利用它，不能违背它，改变它。违反了客观规律，光凭自己的主观意愿去办事情，尽管用心是好的，但结果必然碰壁，把事情办坏。我们都应该以宋国这个农民为戒。
原文
宋人有闵其苗之不长而揠之者①，芒芒然归②，谓其人曰：“今日病矣③！予助苗长矣④！”其子趋而往视之⑤，苗则槁矣⑥.天下之不助苗长者寡矣。以为无益而舍之者，不耘苗者也；助之长者，揠苗者也。非徒无益，而又害之。
[注释]
①闵（mǐn）――同“悯”，担心，忧虑。长（zhǎng）――生长，成长，揠（yà）――拔。
②长――生长
③芒芒然――疲倦的样子。
④病――精疲力尽，是引申义。
⑤予――我，第一人称代词。
⑥趋――快走。往――去，到..去。
⑦槁（gǎo）――草木干枯。
译文
古时候宋国有个人，嫌禾苗长得太慢，就一棵棵的往上拔起一点，回家还夸口说：“今天我累得精疲力尽，我帮助苗长了！”他儿子听说后，马上到地里一看，苗都枯死了。天下不助苗生长的人实在很少啊。以为没有用处而放弃的人，就像是不给禾苗锄草的懒汉。妄自帮助它生长的，就像拔苗助长的人，非但没有好处，反而危害了它。
综合
拔苗助长
bámiáo-zhùzhǎng
[pull up the rice shoots with the intention of helping them to grow;try to help the shoots grow by pulling them upward] 即揠苗助长,嫌禾苗长得慢而用手向上提,以助其生长。比喻不顾事物发展的客观规律,强求速成,反而把事情搞坏
例： 他还是个孩子呀，可别拔苗助长哟!
揠苗助长①
宋人有闵②其苗之不长而揠之者③，芒芒然④归，谓其⑤人曰：“今日病矣⑥！予⑦助苗长矣！”其子趋⑧而往视之，苗则槁⑨矣。
【字词注释】
①选自《孟子》。②闵：通“悯”，忧虑，担心。③而揠（y4）之者：去把它拔高的人。④芒芒然：疲劳得昏昏沉沉的样子。⑤其人：这里指他家里的人。⑥病矣：劳累极了。⑦予：我。⑧趋：快步走。⑨槁（g3o）：枯死，干枯。耘：锄草。非徒：非但。徒，只是。
【诗文翻译】
从前宋国有一个人，因忧虑自己田里的禾苗长得太慢，而把它们一棵一棵拔高。他筋疲力尽、昏昏沉沉地回到家里，告诉家里人说：“今天可把我累坏了。我帮助禾苗一下子长高了！”
他的儿子急忙跑到田里去看，禾苗全都枯死了。