'
Mydearfriends,whenyouetoacity,youprobablywanttovisitthemostfamousscenicspotsofspecialinterest.Nanjinghasmanyplacesofhistoricinterestsandhasbeencapitalforsix"dynasties."ButifyouleaveNanjingwithoutvisitingDr.SunYat-sen＇sMausoleum,undoubtedlyyouhavemissedthemostarrestingandfamoustouristattractionofthecity.
TalkingabouttheMausoleumweshouldhaveanideaaboutSunYat-sen,thegreatpioneerofChinesedemocraticrevolution.Mr.Sun＇soriginalnameisSunWenandstyledhimselfYat-sen.Soforeignfriendswouldcallhim"Dr.SunYat-sen".Sincehetook"WoodcutterinZhoushan"ashisaliaswhenhetookpartintherevolutionaryactivities,hewasrespectfullyandwidelycalledMr.SunZhongshaninChina.OnOctober12,1866,Mr.Sunwasborninafarmer＇sfamilyinCaihengvillageofXiangshancounty(thepresent-dayzhongshanCity),GuangdongProvince.Whenhewasstillyoung,hehadgreatexpectations.HestudiedmedicineinHonolulu,HongKongandsomeotherplacesandaftergraduationheworkedasapractitionerinGangzhou,MacaoandotherplacesLaterhegaveupmedicineashisprofessiontotakepartinpoliticalactivities.In1905,hesetupChinaAllianceanizationinJapanandhewaselectedpresident.Heputforwardthefamousguidingprinciple-"drivingtheinvadersout,restoringthesovereigntyofChina,establishingarepublicandequalizingthelandownership"andtheThreePeople＇sPrinciples-"Nationalism,DemocracyandthePeople＇sLivelihood."OnOctober10,1911,theWuchanguprisingbrokeoutandDr.SunaselectedPresidentoftheRepublicofChinabyrepresentativesfromseventeenprovinces.OnthefollowingNewYear＇sday(January1,1912)Mr.SuntooktheoathofofficeinNanjing.Fromthenon,Mr.SunexperiencedYuanShikai＇susurpation,theSecondRevolution,"CampaignProtectingtheInterimConstitution."In1921,Mr.SuntookthepositionofPresidentinUnusualTimesinGuangzhou.AtthefirstNationalCongressofKuomintangheldinQuangzhouin1924,heperfectedtheoriginalThreePeople＇sPrinciplesandputforwardThreepeople＇sNewPrinciples.Healsoproposedthepoliciesof"MakinganalliancewithRussiaandthemunistPartyofChinaandhelpingthefarmersandworkers."InNovember1924,inspiteofhisillness,Mr.SunwentuptoBeijingtodiscussstateaffairswithGeneralFengYuxiang.
Unfortunately,hebrokedownfromconstantoverworkandpassedawayonMarch12,1925.
ThelocationoftheMausoleumwaschosenbyMr.Sunhimself.Hereisexactlyagoodplacetobuildamausoleum.Youmaywonder:Mr.SunwasborninGuangdongbutdiedinBeijing.ForhiswholelifehetraveledthroughoutChinafortherevolution.WhydidhechooseNanjingasthevenueofhistomb?
ItissaidthatfarbeforeMr.Suntookofficein1912,theabbotofLinguMonasteryhadremendedhimthathisplaceisgoodforfengshui,becauseitfacestheplainandisbackedupbygreenmountainsasitsprotectivescreen.OnMarch31,1912Mr.SunresignedasapoliticalpromiseforthesakeoftheunionoftheNorthChinaandtheSouthChina.OnedayoftheearlyApril,hewenthuntingwithHuHanminaroundthePietyTombofMingDynasty.TheytookarestintheplacewheretheMausoleumislocatednow.Mr.Sunlookedaroundandsaid"IfpossibleIwouldlikemycountrymentoallowmetohavethisplacetoburymycoffin."Surely,thefengshuioftheZijingMountainisnotthebasicreasonforthelocationofMr.Sun＇smausoleum.Thebasicreasonisthat,hesaidondying"Aftermydeath,youcanburymeatthefootoftheZijinMountaininNanjinginmemoryoftheRevolutionof1911,becauseNanjingiswherethetemporarygovernmentwasfounded."SoalthoughMr.SunstayedinNanjingnotalongtime,ithadaspecialmeaningtohim.Fundamentallyspeaking,thereasonhechoseZijingMountainashispermanentresting-placeistomemoratetherevolutionof1911andtoencouragetherevolutionaries.